The last large-scale study involving the caffeine contents of carbonated beverages was conducted 10 y ago where the caffeine contents of 24 fountain, 20 prepackaged national-brand, and 16 prepackaged private-label store-brand carbonated beverages were determined the store-brand beverages were limited to products from 4 stores ( Grand and Bell 1997). The amount of caffeine contained in various foods and beverages has been analyzed, including coffee ( Bell and others 1996), tea ( Hicks and others 1996 Friedman and others 2005 Pena and others 2005 Yao and others 2006), carbonated beverages ( Bunker and McWilliams 1979 Strohl 1985 Grand and Bell 1997 Pena and others 2005), and chocolate products ( Caudle and others 2001 Tokusoglu and Ünal 2002). In Australia, the maximum caffeine level in cola-type beverages must not exceed 145 mg/kg or about 51 mg/12 oz while in New Zealand, the caffeine level is limited to 200 mg/kg or about 71 mg/12 oz ( FSANZ 2000). Likewise, Canada limits caffeine to cola-type beverages at a level of 200 ppm or about 71 mg/12 oz ( Dept. Therefore, the highest legal amount of caffeine allowed in a 355 mL (12 oz) can of soft drink is about 72 mg. limits the amount of caffeine in carbonated beverages to a maximum of 0.02% ( FDA 2006). Various governmental bodies have specified the maximum level of caffeine allowed in carbonated beverages. In addition, caffeine's diuretic effect is widely known ( Spiller 1998). For example, Hartley and others (2004) reported that caffeine causes a mild elevation in blood pressure. Various physiological effects on the central nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and renal systems have been reported ( Nehlig and others 1992 Spiller 1998 Hartley and others 2004 Savoca and others 2005). The human salivary caffeine level, which indicates the extent of absorption, peaks around 40 min after caffeine consumption ( Liguori and others 1997). Caffeine is quickly absorbed by the body.
These beverages appeal to many consumers because of the stimulatory effect caffeine provides.Ĭaffeine has drawn more attention in the past decades due to its widespread consumption and physiological effects beyond that of its stimulatory effect ( James 1991 Bernstein and others 2002 Mandel 2002). Although soda manufacturers may explain that caffeine contributes to the flavor of soft drinks, only 8% of adults were able to differentiate between caffeinated and caffeine-free colas at the concentration of caffeine contained in most cola beverages ( Griffiths and Vernotica 2000). Caffeine is intentionally added as an ingredient to many carbonated soft drinks, including colas, pepper-type beverages, and citrus beverages. Extracts derived from these plants, such as coffee and tea beverages, naturally contain caffeine and other methylxanthines. The wide range of caffeine contents in carbonated beverages indicates that consumers would benefit from the placement of caffeine values on food labels.Ĭaffeine, 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, is an odorless, slightly bitter substance found in numerous plant species ( Tarka and Hurst 1998). Most store-brand carbonated beverages were found to contain less caffeine than their national-brand counterparts. Beverages from 14 other stores were also analyzed. The Wal-Mart store-brand beverages with their caffeine contents were Sam's Cola (12.7 mg/12 oz), Sam's Diet Cola (13.3 mg/12 oz), Dr Thunder (30.6 mg/12 oz), Diet Dr Thunder (29.9 mg/12 oz), and Mountain Lightning (46.5 mg/12 oz). Some of the more common national-brand carbonated beverages analyzed in this study with their caffeine contents were Coca-Cola (33.9 mg/12 oz), Diet Coke (46.3 mg/12 oz), Pepsi (38.9 mg/12 oz), Diet Pepsi (36.7 mg/12 oz), Dr Pepper (42.6 mg/12 oz), Diet Dr Pepper (44.1 mg/12 oz), Mountain Dew (54.8 mg/12 oz), and Diet Mountain Dew (55.2 mg/12 oz). Caffeine contents ranged from 4.9 mg/12 oz (IGA Cola) to 74 mg/12 oz (Vault Zero). This study analyzed the caffeine contents of 56 national-brand and 75 private-label store-brand carbonated beverages using high-performance liquid chromatography. Due to its stimulatory and other physiological effects, individuals desire to know the exact amount of caffeine consumed from these beverages.
ABSTRACT: Caffeine is a well-known stimulant that is added as an ingredient to various carbonated soft drinks.
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